Determiners.

*Determiner*
🔹Definition- Determiner is a word, phrase or affix ( *affix means a letter or a series of letters added to the root word. It can be suffix or prefix*) that occurs together with a noun.In short determiner is a word that introduces the noun. It precedes(come before)noun.
*🔹Types of determiners*

1⃣ *Articles*-a,an,the
2⃣     *Qualifiers*- many,few,some,every,much,no,any,all,a lot of, plenty of, little,,less etc.
3⃣ *Demonstratives*-
 this,that,these,those.
4⃣ *Possessive*-
my,his,her,your,our,their,its,whose.etc.

🔹 *Determiner includes*-👇

👉 *Articles*-a,an,the
👉 *Cardinal numbers*-
one,two,three....
👉 *Ordinal numbers*-
first, second,third...
👉 *Demonstratives*-
this,that,these, those.
👉 *Partitives*-
Some of, piece of etc.
👉 *Qualifiers*-
many,most,some,any and others which are mentioned above.
👉 *Difference words*-
other, another
👉 *Possessives*-
my,his,her,their,our,your,its,whose etc.

Words which refer to time and a period of time.

• *Words which refer to ⏰Time* *and*  *A Period of Time*⏰

1) *Nano* second
2) 1 *micro* second-1000     nanoseconds
3)1 *millisecond* -1000 microseconds
4)1 *second*-1000  milliseconds
5)1 *minute*-60 seconds
6)1 *hour* - 60 minutes
7)1 *day*-24 hours
8)1 *week*-7 days
9) *Fortnight*_ 15 days
10)1 *month*- 30 days/4 weeks
11) *quarter*_ 3 months
12) *half year* -6 months
13)1 *year*-12 months/365 days

• 
  

14) 1 *decade*-10 years
15) 1 *Century*-100 years
16) *age*_ a period of time
17) *eon*-billion of years/ 1 billion means 100 crore years
18) *super eon*-several billion years
19) *era*- long period of time regarding history
20) *period*- length or portion of time
21) *epoch*-a particular period of time in history .
🕰️🕰️🕰️🕰️🕰️🕰️🕰️🕰️
*Words which refer to figures*.👇
 *Million*-  10 lakhs,lacs
*Billion*-100 crore
*Crore*-100 lacs
*Lakh*-100 thousand
*Thousand*- 10 hundred
*Hundred*- 100

Speech on 'The World Students'Day'(15th October)

Very good morning to one and all. Honourable President/chairperson, respected guests ,my colleagues and my dear students.Today ,we have gathered here to celebrate the World Students' Day.It is celebrated in honour of our former president Late A PJ Abdul Kalam's birthday. In the year  2010, the United  Nations  declared the 15th October  as The World Students' Day on his 79th birthday. The day is commemorated on the birth anniversary of Abdul Kalam because he was a dedicated teacher and an aerospace scientist.He is called  the missile  man .
    On this occasion,I request everyone to take oath to follow the ways given by Dr. A P.J Abdul Kalam.This is the real tribute to him.It is our duty to complete his dream.He was a humble man who believed  youths to be one of modern India's greatest strength .He has won the hearts of millions of children and grown ups.
    Being the students,you have to face many challenges in your learning. But keep in your mind that there are ways to overcome the obstacles. Follow some ways to overcome the challenges and hit your target. *Some tips* are there to shape you and a lesson for you to improve yourselves.
1) *Manage your time well*
It means balancing your time well can be a big help in dong your school work.

2) *Choose your friends wisely*.
Some friends cause the distractions in the way of your learning.So choose friends wisely so that they May help you to vent out problems.
3) *Have a positive    to one and all. Honourable President/chairperson, respected guests ,my colleagues and my dear students.Today ,we have gathered here to celebrate the World Students' Day.It is celebrated in honour of our former president Late A PJ Abdul Kalam's birthday. In the year  2010, the United  Nations  declared the 15th October  as The World Students' Day on his 79th birthday. The day is commemorated on the birth anniversary of Abdul Kalam because he was a dedicated teacher and an aerospace scientist.He is called  the missile  man .
    On this occasion,I request everyone to take oath to follow the ways given by Dr. A P.J Abdul Kalam.This is the real tribute to him.It is our duty to complete his dream.He was a humble man who believed  youths to be one of modern India's greatest strength .He has won the hearts of millions of children and grown ups.
    Being the students,you have to face many challenges in your learning. But keep in your mind that there are ways to overcome the obstacles. Follow some ways to overcome the challenges and hit your target. *Some tips* are there to shape you and a lesson for you to improve yourselves.
1) *Manage your time well* 
It means balancing your time well can be a big help in dong your school work.

2) *Choose your friends wisely*.
Some friends cause the distractions in the way of your learning.So choose friends wisely so that they May help you to vent out problems.
3) *Have a positive attitude.*
Life can be really hard. but there is always a light at the end of the tunnel.So be positive.
4) *Prepare yourselves*
Prepare yourselves to do your school work .Organize your schedule and have a *to do list* of school work.It helps to save your precious time.Give importance to time because *Time and Tide wait for none*.
5) *Use of Mobile*
 Today,the most remarkable destraction in learning is *mobile.* We spend  most of our valuable time on the mobile.So you should use it for good cause and purpose.
  While learning ,you may come across many challenges and difficulties but don't be nervous.Dr .APJ Abdul Kalam's life itself is the true inspiration to all.As a son of the  fisherman,he was born and brought up in very adverse circumstances.But by overcoming all the difficulties ,he became an aerospace scientist and also became  the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007.
 His thoughts also motivate us.He says," Don't  take rest after your first victory because if you fail in the second,more lips are waiting to say that your first victory was just luck."He also says,"All birds find shelter during the rain but Eagle avoids rain by flying above the clouds.,"
 So if you want to be successful in your lives,you should keep Dr.Kalam as a role model before you and also follow his ways. Read his autobiography named *Wings Of Fire* and  keep his thoughts in your mind.
You should also serve our motherland as per your wishes  and capabilities.To serve the motherland means not only to become the soldiers and fight at the 
borders but also  serve the mother India by doing the work which will be beneficial for the country. Whatever work you have to do, do it honestly because *Honesty is the best policy*.As the students, You should study honestly and being the teachers we should also teach sincerely.Dr. Kalam dreamt that India would be the Superpower by the year 2020. Now the time has come to fulfill his dream. *You* today's youths are tomorrow's citizens and also the pillars of the nation. So, be the good citizen and serve the motherland .This will be the true tribute to Dr.Kalam. I also pay my homage to Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam.and give full stop to my speech.
Thank you.🙏🙏



,.*
Life can be really hard. but there is always a light at the end of the tunnel.So be positive.
4) *Prepare yourselves*
Prepare yourselves to do your school work .Organize your schedule and have a *to do list* of school work.It helps to save your precious time.Give importance to time because *Time and Tide wait for none*.
5) *Use of Mobile*
 Today,the most remarkable destraction in learning is *mobile.* We spend  most of our valuable time on the mobile.So you should use it for good cause and purpose.
  While learning ,you may come across many challenges and difficulties but don't be nervous.Dr .APJ Abdul Kalam's life itself is the true inspiration to all.As a son of the  fisherman,he was born and brought up in very adverse circumstances.But by overcoming all the difficulties ,he became an aerospace scientist and also became  the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007.
 His thoughts also motivate us.He says," Don't  take rest after your first victory because if you fail in the second,more lips are waiting to say that your first victory was just luck."He also says,"All birds find shelter during the rain but Eagle avoids rain by flying above the clouds.,"
 So if you want to be successful in your lives,you should keep Dr.Kalam as a role model before you and also follow his ways. Read his autobiography named *Wings Of Fire* and  keep his thoughts in your mind.
You should also serve our motherland as per your wishes  and capabilities.To serve the motherland means not only to become the soldiers and fight at the
borders but also  serve the mother India by doing the work which will be beneficial for the country. Whatever work you have to do, do it honestly because *Honesty is the best policy*.As the students, You should study honestly and being the teachers we should also teach sincerely.Dr. Kalam dreamt that India would be the Superpower by the year 2020. Now the time has come to fulfill his dream. *You* today's youths are tomorrow's citizens and also the pillars of the nation. So, be the good citizen and serve the motherland .This will be the true tribute to Dr.Kalam. I also pay my homage to Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam.and give full stop to my speech.
Thank you.🙏🙏



,

Avoiding use of very before adjectives.

Avoiding use of very before adjective .
(According to alphabetical order.)

1) Very able -proficient
~We should be proficient in our teaching subjects. 
2)Very  boring -tedious
~I feel tedious when I am alone.
 3)Very confusing- baffled
~Students are baffled by the instructions given by many teachers. 
4)Very dirty - filthy
~I gave my filthy car to car wash but there is still mud on the tyres. 
5)very easy- effortless
~When  you practise anything,you can do it effortlessly.  
6)Very funny- hilarious
   ~Though Charlie Chaplin spoke not a single dialogue,he played hilarious roles in English films.
 7) Very glad- overjoyed
~ Children are overjoyed during summer vacation.
 8)Very happy -ecstatic
~Teachers are not ecstatic at the decision of Maharashtra government regarding five days week. 
 9)Very interesting-  fascinating
~Children love to read story books and comics because these are fascinating. 
  10)Very joyful-exuberent
~Children are exuberent while dancing in the rain.
 11)Very kind - compassionate
~Doctors should be compassionate towards the patients.
12)Very large- huge
~The elephant is a huge land animal.
13)Very mad - demented
~Some patients become demented,blind and speechless before they die.
 14)Very nasty-obnoxious
~When her father is in a bad mood,he is obnoxious to everyone.
 15) Very old- ancient
-There are three periods of Indian history 
i.e ancient, medieval and modern.
 16)Very painful--excruciating
~Though she had excruciating pain in her right hand ,she appeared for the board exam.
17)Very quiet-hushed
~The nurses were talking in hushed voices about the patient who was about to die.
 18) Very rude- boorish
~She was a pretty and vivacious young woman but her boorish husband had no time for her.
19)Very shy- timid
~When my younger sister was a Little child,she used to sit in my mother's lap all the time because she was timid.
20)Very tired-exhausted
~Though I was exhausted yesterday due to over work,I couldn't sleep all the night.
21)Very useful- advantageous
~Blog writing is advantageous because it reaches every nook and corner.
22)Very Vicious- malicious
~The editor will not publish the malicious
articles of the writers.
23)Very wicked- evil
~We should abolish evil custom like dowry from the society.
24)Very xenophobic-jingoistic

~I am more patriotic and jingoistic than these people who seem radical.
25)Very young- juvenile
~Mr. Sharad Pawar was elected in 1978 and  at the age of 38  he became the first juvenile Chief Minister of Maharashtra . 
26)Very zen- meditative
~Swami Vivekananda is considered as the introducer of meditation because he had a meditative personality.

Grammar Exercise.

 Do as directed.
1) He wrote a couplet.(Rewrite the sentence using  past perfect tense.)
 Ans :He had written a couplet.
2) Many kids can barely lisp a few words.(Rewrite using another modal auxiliary  showing certainty)
Ans : Many kids will barely lisp a few words.
3)The helicopter landed on --- roof of -- building.(Fill in the blanks  with appropriate articles) 
 Ans- The helicopter landed on theroof of a a building.
 4)I am heading  --- the entrance -- a building.(Fill in the b milanks with proper
prepositions)
Ans -I am heading towards the entrance of a building.
5)She said to me,"please help me."(Change the narration)
Ans- She requested me to help her.
6)Yawatmal was the worst affected district.(Make it a Rhetorical Question)
Ans -Wasn't Yawatmal the most affected district?
7)We chose villages with a revolutionary spark.(Rewrite the sentence beginning with'Villages with---)
Ans- villages with a revolutionary spark were chosen by us.
8) Investors are attracted to invest in the IT sector.(Rewrite as a Rhetorical Question)
Ans: Aren't investors attracted  to invest in the IT sector?
9) India's progress in this sector is quick and influential ,providing  the economy a boost.(Rewrite using infinitive form of the underlined word.)
Ans: India's progress in this sector is quick and influential to provide the economy a boost.
10)But do the police need permission from event organisers to inspect a public gathering of two lakh people?(Rewrite as an assertive sentence)
Ans- The police do not need permission from event organisers to inspect a public gathering of two lakh people.
OR The police need no permission from event organisers to inspect a public gathering of two lakh people.
11)Ideas have floated ,but hardly ever implemented.(Rewrite using a single word in place of the underlined words)
Ans-:Ideas have floated but never implemented.
12)They munch their breakfast on the way to work.(Rewrite using present progressive tense
Ans: They are munching their breakfast on the way to work.
13)She felt terrible about this tendency, but there was nothing,she could do about it.(Rewrite using 'though')
Ans-: Though she felt terrible about this tendency, there was nothing ,she could do about it.
14) Seeing the hungry market,Dell placed local advertisement.(Make it a compound sentence)
Ans- Dell saw the hungry market and placed local advertisement.
15)He added features to improve performance.(Frame 'Wh' question to get underlined part as an answer)
Ans- Why did he add features?

Grammar Excercise

Do as  directed.

1)

Remove 'too'/ Use 'so -that- not.'

1)He is too weak to walk fast.
Ans:He is so weak that he can not walk fast.
2)Rahul is too dull to answer a simple question.
Ans-: Rahul is so dull that he can not answer a simple question.
3)My grandmother is too old to stand without any support.
Ans-: My grandmother is so old that she can not stand without any support.
4)The question was too difficult for me to answer.
Ans- : The question was so difficult  that I could not answer.
5)The jar is too heavy for the children to pick it up.
Ans-: The jar is so heavy that they can not pick it up.
6)His father is too strict to speak before him.
Ans-: His father is so strict that he (one)can not speak before him.
7)Asha was too small to understand the simple things.
Ans-: Asha was so small that she could not understand the simple things.
8)The distance between my home and college is too long to walk on foot.
Ans-: The distance between my home and college is so long that I can not walk on foot.
9)The syllabus of 12th std is too vast  for us to  complete it upto the month of December.
Ans-: The syllabus of 12th std is so vast for us that  we can not complete it upto the month of December.
10)The activity sheet is too lengthy for the students to solve it  within three hours.
Ans-: The activity sheet is so lengthy for the students that they can not solve it within three hours.